Taking Blood Veins With Vacuum Tubes, Vacutainer

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Vacuum tube was first marketed by U.S. company BD (Becton-Dickinson) under the trade name Vacutainer. This type of tube in the form of a vacuum tube, made of glass or plastic. When the tube is attached to the needle, the blood will flow into the tube and the flow stops when a certain volume has been reached.

Needles used consists of two needles connected by a threaded connection. The needle on the anterior side is used to puncture the vein and the needle on the posterior side of the tubes plugged. Posterior needle encased by the material of rubber so as to prevent the blood from the patient flows out. Threaded connection serves to attachthe needle in a holder and ease when pushing the needle tube mounted directly on the posterior.

The advantage of using this retrieval method is, no need to divide the sample into several tubes of blood. Just one stabbing, can be used for multiple tubes alternately according to the type of tests required. For the purposes of the bacteria culture test, thismethod is also better because the patient's blood can flow directly into the tube containing the bacteria culture media. Thus, the possibility of contamination duringsample transfer to the decision by way of the manual can be avoided.

The drawback difficult decision in the elderly, small children, infants, or if the vein is unreliable (small, fragile), or if the patient is obese. To overcome this may be used needle with wings (winged needle).

Winged needle or needles is often also called "butterfly" needle vakutainer nearly equal as mentioned above. The difference is, betweenthe needle anterior and posterior wings there are two pieces of plastic at the base of the anterior needle and the needle tube that connects the anterior and posterior. If the proper insertion of the vein, blood will look into the hose (flash).

Procedure :

1. Prepare the necessary tools: needles, cotton 70% alcohol, a hedge strap (tourniquet), plaster, vacuum tubes.
2. Attach the needle to the holder, make sure it is firmly.
3. Approach the patient in a calm and friendly; try to patients as comfortable as possible.
4. Identification of patients correctly according to the data at the request sheet.
5. Verification of the patient, such as fasting or consumption of drugs. Record if the patient is taking certain medications, etc. are not fasting.
6. Ask the patient to straighten his arm, select the arm that did a lot of activity.
7. Have the patient make a fist.
8. Attach a rope hedge (tourniquet) is approximately 10 cm above the elbow fold.
9. Select the median cubital or cephalic vein. Do palpability (palpation) to ensure the position of the vein; vein palpable as a small pipe, elastic and has a thick wall. If the veins are not palpable, do the sorting of the wrist to the elbow, or warm compresses for 5 minutes the arm.
10. Clean the skin on the parts to be taken with alcohol 70% cotton and let dry. Skin that has been cleaned do not hold anymore.
11. Puncture the vein with a needle hole position facing up. Insert the tube into the holder and push that needle stuck in the posterior part of the tube, then the blood will flow into the tube. Wait until the blood stops flowing. If you require multiple tubes, having first filled the tube, remove and replace with a second tube, and so on.
12. Remove the tourniquet and ask the patient to open his fist. The volume of blood taken approximately three times the amount of serum or plasma required for the examination.
13. Put the cotton on the injection site and then immediately release / pull the needle. Press the cotton and plasters couple sat for about 15 minutes. Do not pull the needle before the tourniquet was opened.

Accommodate Blood In Tube

Some types of blood sample tubes used in the clinical laboratory practices are as follows :

Tube red cap. This tube without the addition of additives, the blood will be frozen and the serum separated by centrifugation. Commonly used for examination of blood chemistry, immunology, serology and blood bank (crossmatching test)

Tube yellow cap. It contains a gel separator tubes (serum separator tube / SST) whose function is to separate serum and blood cells. After centrifugation, the serum will be at the top of the gel and the blood cells are under the gel. Commonly used forexamination of blood chemistry, immunology and serology

Tube light green lid. It contains a gel separator tube (plasma separator tube / PST) with lithium heparin anticoagulant. After centrifugation, the plasma will be at the top of the gel and the blood cells are under the gel. Commonly used forexamination of blood chemistry.

Purple or lavender tube cap. This tube contains EDTA. Commonly used for complete blood count and blood banks (crossmatch)

Tube blue cap. This tube contains sodium citrate. Commonly used for examination of coagulation (eg PPT, APTT)

Tube green cap. This tube contains sodium or lithium heparin, commonly used for the examination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility, blood chemistry.

Dark blue cap tube. This tube contains EDTA-free metals, generally used for examination of trace elements (zinc, copper, mercury) and toxicology.

Tube light gray cap. This tube contains sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate, were used for examination of glucose.

Black cap tube; containing sodium citrate buffer, used for checking the LED (ESR).

Pink cap tube; containing potassium EDTA, used for examination imunohematologi.

White cap tube; potassium EDTA, used for examination of molecular / PCR and bDNA.

Tube yellow with a black cap at the top; containing culture media, used for microbiological examination - aerobic, anaerobic and fungal

Accommodate some of the important things in the blood sample is :

Blood from syring or injections should be inserted into the tube by removing the needle and the blood flow slowly through the tube wall. Enter the blood by way of spraying, especially without removing the needle, potentially causing hemolysis. Blood entering into the vacuum tube by a needle on the cap tube, allow blood to flow until it stops itself when the volume has been met.

Homogenization of samples if using anticoagulants by twisting the tube 4-5 times or tossing and turning the tube 5-10 times by softly. Whisk thesample potentially cause hemolysis.

The order to enter the blood samples into vacuum tubes are: first - bottle culture (culture) of blood or yellow-black cap tube second - coagulation tests (tube blue cap), third - non-additive tube (red cap), the fourth - the red cap tubes or yellow with separator gel or clot activator, tube cap purple / lavendet (EDTA), green cap tube (heparin), gray cap tubes (NaF and Na oxalate).

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