Protein C-reactif

Protein C-reactif (C-reactive protein, CRP) are made by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. CRP circulates in the blood for 6-10 hours after the acute inflammatory process and tissue destruction. Levels peaked within 48-72 hours. As with any test erythrocyte sedimentation rate (erithrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR), CRP is a non-specific test but the existence precedes the CRP increase during inflammation and necrosis of the LED and then immediately return to normal levels.

CRP is one of several proteins that are often referred to as acute phase proteins and used to monitor changes in the acute inflammatory phase is associated with many infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. Some circumstances in which CRP may increase was found arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis), rheumatic fever, breast cancer, colitis, inflammatory disease stage (pelvic inflammatory disease, PID), Hodgkin's disease, SLE, bacterial infections.

CRP is also elevated in the final trimester of pregnancy, the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices and oral contraceptive drug effect.

CRP test is often performed repeatedly to evaluate and determine whether the treatment is effective. CRP is also used to monitor wound healing and to monitor post-surgical patients, organ transplant, or burns as an early detection system for possible infections.

High-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP)
This test can detect the inflammation that occurs due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries. hsCRP is a highly sensitive laboratory test for the risk of cardiovascular disease. This test is often done in conjunction with the test lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL). Positive hsCRP value is much lower than the standard value of serum CRP so that it becomes more useful test in detecting the risk of coronary heart disease (coronary heart disease, CHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.

American Heart Association and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have defined risk groups as follows :

• Low risk: less than 1.0 mg / L
• Average Risk: 1.0 to 3.0 mg / L
• High risk: above 3.0 mg / L

Those values ​​are only a part of the evaluation process for kardiovaskuler.Tambahan disease risk factors to consider are the elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and glucose. In addition, smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension), and diabetes also raise the level of risk.

Procedure
CRP test can be performed manually using agglutination methods or other more advanced methods, such as sandwiches imunometri. Agglutination tests carried out by adding the latex particles coated with anti-CRP antibodies in the serum or plasma agglutination patient so that it will happen. To determine the titer of CRP, serum or plasma diluted with buffer glycine patients with multilevel dilution (1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 8, 1 / 16 and so on) and then reacted with latex. CRP titer is the highest dilution that still occur agglutination.

Imunometri sandwich tests performed by measuring the intensity of colors using Nycocard Reader. Consecutive samples (serum, plasma, whole blood) and conjugate dropped on the coated membrane antibody testsspecific mononklonal CRP. CRP in the sample captured by antibodies bound to colloidal gold particle conjugates. Free conjugate was washed with wash solution (washing solution). If there is at the level of CRP in pathological samples, it will form a red-brown color in the test area with color intensity proportional to the content. Color intensity was measured quantitatively using a reader NycoCard II.

Normal reference value of CRP with imunometri sandwich method is <5 mg / L. This reference value would be different depending on each laboratory reagents and methods used.